Ssh-keygen is a tool for creating new authentication key pairs for SSH. Such key pairs are used for automating logins, single sign-on, and for authenticating hosts. SSH Keys and Public Key Authentication. The SSH protocol uses public key cryptography for authenticating hosts and users.

About SSH Keys Secure Shell (better known as SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol which allows users to securely perform a number of network services over an unsecured network. SSH keys provide a more secure way of logging into a server with SSH than using a password alone. While a password can eventually be cracked with a brute force attack, SSH keys are nearly impossible to decipher by brute force alone. Generating a key pair provides you with two long string of characters: a public and a private key. You can place the public key on any server, and then unlock it by connecting to it with a client that already has the private key. When the two match up, the system unlocks without the need for a password.

You can increase security even more by protecting the private key with a passphrase. Within some of the commands found in this tutorial, you will notice some highlighted values. These are variables, and you should substitute them with your own values. Step One—Create the RSA Key Pair The first step is to create the key pair on the client machine (there is a good chance that this will just be your computer): • ssh-keygen -t rsa Step Two—Store the Keys and Passphrase Once you have entered the Gen Key command, you will get a few more questions: Enter file in which to save the key (/home/ demo/.ssh/id_rsa): You can press enter here, saving the file to the user home (in this case, my example user is called demo). Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): It's up to you whether you want to use a passphrase. Entering a passphrase does have its benefits: the security of a key, no matter how encrypted, still depends on the fact that it is not visible to anyone else. Should a passphrase-protected private key fall into an unauthorized users possession, they will be unable to log in to its associated accounts until they figure out the passphrase, buying the hacked user some extra time.

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The only downside, of course, to having a passphrase, is then having to type it in each time you use the key pair. The entire key generation process looks like this: • ssh-keygen -t rsa. OutputGenerating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/home/ demo/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/ demo/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /home/ demo/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 4a:dd:0a:c6:35:4e:3f:ed:27:38:8c:74:44:4d:93:67 demo@a The key's randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ .oo. .

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= =. = S =. o + = + . O +-----------------+ The public key is now located in /home/ demo/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The private key (identification) is now located in /home/ demo/.ssh/id_rsa. Step Three—Copy the Public Key Once the key pair is generated, it's time to place the public key on the server that we want to use. You can copy the public key into the new machine's authorized_keys file with the ssh-copy-id command. Make sure to replace the example username and IP address below. • ssh-copy-id demo@ 198.51.100.0 Note: If you are a Mac user, ssh-copy-id will not be installed on your machine.

You can, however, install it using: • brew install ssh-copy-id Alternatively, you can paste in the keys using SSH: • cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ssh demo@ 198.51.100.0 'mkdir -p ~/.ssh && chmod 700 ~/.ssh && cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys' No matter which command you chose, you may see something like: The authenticity of host '198.51.100.0 (198.51.100.0)' can't be established. RSA key fingerprint is b1:2d:33:67:ce:35:4d:5f:f3:a8:cd:c0:c4:48:86:12. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? Yes Warning: Permanently added '198.51.100.0' (RSA) to the list of known hosts. User@198.51.100.0's password: This message helps us to make sure that we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting. Now you can go ahead and log into your user profile and you will not be prompted for a password. However, if you set a passphrase when creating your SSH key, you will be asked to enter the passphrase at that time (and whenever else you log in in the future).